Sains Malaysiana 53(10)(2024): 3417-3431

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2024-5310-15

 

Pengesanan Residu Najis dan Bulu dalam Glikopeptida daripada Produk Sampingan Sarang Burung Walit dan Implikasnya terhadap Status Halal

(Residual Faeces and Feather Detection in Glycopeptides from Edible Bird’s Nest by-Products and its Implications on Halal Status)

 

NAZARIYAH YAHAYA1,2*, MUHAMMAD ARIEFF HAIKAL EZAIDIN2, HANIS NADIA YAHYA2, ALINA ABDUL RAHIM2, IRWAN MOHD SUBRI3, NUR AINA ABDULAH3, MOHD NASIR ABDUL MAJID3, ZIZI AZLINDA MOHD YUSOF3, LIM SENG JOE3, WAN AIDA WAN MUSTAPHA3, NOORUL SYUHADA MOHD RAZALI3, ZANARIAH HASHIM5, DAYANG NORULFAIRUZ ABANG ZAIDEL5 & YANTI MASLINA MOHD JUSOH5

 

1Institut Fatwa dan Halal (IFFAH), Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, 71800 Bandar Baru Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia

2Program Bioteknologi Makanan, Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, 71800 Bandar Baru Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia

3Fakulti Syariah dan Undang-Undang, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, 71800 Bandar Baru Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia

4Pusat Inovasi Teknologi Manisan (MANIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

5Food and Biomaterial Engineering Research Group (FoBERG), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia

 

Diserahkan: 4 April 2024/Diterima: 28 Ogos 2024

 

Abstrak

Sarang Burung Walit (SBW) yang diperbuat daripada air liur burung spesies Aerodramus fuciphagus mempunyai banyak manfaat kesihatan seperti melambatkan proses penuaan serta menguatkan sistem imun manusia. Bagi memaksimumkan penggunaan SBW, hasil sampingan SBW daripada pembersihan awal digunakan oleh pengilang dengan mengekstrak semula glikopeptida yang melekat pada hasil sampingan tersebut. Namun, status Halal glikopeptida yang dikumpul daripada hasil sampingan SBW telah dipersoalkan berhubung kemungkinan kehadiran najis dan bulu burung pada produk akhir yang dijadikan bahan makanan. Kajian ini mengesan kehadiran najis dan bulu dalam glikopeptida yang diekstrak daripada hasil sampingan SBW dengan menggunakan analisis SpektroskopiFourier Transformasi Intramerah (FTIR) yang digabungkan dengan Analisis Komponen Utama (PCA) dan selanjutnya dianalisis menggunakan Resonans Magnet Nuklear(NMR). Selain itu, kajian ini juga mengupas mengenai hukum syariah berkaitan dengan burung Walit dan perbandingannya dengan burung layang-layang serta status halal penggunaan glikopeptida yang diperoleh semula daripada hasil sampingan SBW. Hasil daripada kajian ini menunjukkan, analisis FTIR yang digabungkan dengan analisis PCA, dapat mengesan dan membezakan kehadiran penanda (bulu dan najis) dalam sampel hasil sampingan SBW yang diekstrak melalui proses pembersihan yang berbeza. Keputusan analisis yang sama juga diperoleh melalui kaedah NMR. Mengikut hukum syariah, jika jumlah najis (bulu dan najis) adalah minima dan tidak kelihatan dengan mata kasar, konsep al-najasah al-ma‘fuwwanha li qillatihaurfan(ia dimaafkan kerana kadar kecil mengikut uruf) boleh digunakan. Produk itu boleh dipertimbangkan untuk mendapat sijil Halal daripada pihak berkuasa Malaysia.

 

Kata kunci: Analisis Komponen Utama; bulu and najis burung walit; halal; Spektroskopi Fourier Transformasi Intramerah; Sarang Burung Walit

 

Abstract

The Edible Bird’s Nest (EBN) is the dried saliva, harvested from the swiftlets’ nest of Aerodramus fuciphagussp. possesses many health advantages such as delaying the aging process and bolstering the human immune system. To optimize EBN use, its by-product, once treated as waste and lost revenue, is now under study to enhance glycopeptide retrieval efficiency during nest cleaning. The Halal status of glycopeptide collected from EBN by-product has been questioned regarding the possibility of the presence of faeces and feathers in the final product. This study attempts to detect the presence of faeces and feathers in glycopeptide recovered from EBN by-product by using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) which is coupled with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) analysis and further analysed by using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). This study also examines Shariah law related to swiftlets and its comparison with swallows, as well as the halal status of EBN by-products. The findings of this study show that FTIR and PCA analyses were able to detect and distinguish the presence of markers (feather and faeces) in the glycopeptide recovered from EBN by-products across different cleaning processes. A similar analysis result is also observed in the NMR method. According to Syariah law, if the amount of najs (feathers and faeces) is minimal and invisible to the naked eye, the concept of al-najasah al-ma‘fuwwanha li qillatihaurfan is forgiven for its minute quantity according to uruf can be applied, and the product can be then considered certified as Halal by the Malaysian authorities.

 

Keywords: Edible Bird Nest; feces and feather; Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy; Halal; Principal Component Analysis

 

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: nazariyah@usim.edu.my

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   

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